New predictions from the flux tube model of galaxies

The proposed solution of the abundance problem of solar models leads to a much more detailed view about the formation of stars as flux tube tangles. The model allows to relate to radius of the Sun to its mass assuming that Sun has been produced by a thickening of a straight portion of a cosmic string. This I have proposed that this general vision applies also to the formation of spiral galaxies. This can be tested in the case of Milky Way at order of magnitude level.

1. The mass M(gal) of the Milky way is estimated to be in the range [.8,4.5]× 10¹²M(Sun). For a string with maximal string tension this would correspond to a direct string portion with length L(gal)= M(gal)/R(Sun)= M(gal)/M(Sun). In fact, this stringy mass formula is known to hold for quite a many astrophysical objects as I learned decades ago in a particle physics conference - in good old times times particle physics conferences allowed non-main-stream talks during the last conference day. This gives the estimate L(gal)∈ [.6,3.3]× 10⁵ ly. The radius R_gal of galaxy is estimated to be in the range [.75,1.0]× 10⁵ ly. The length of string within galactic radius would satisfy L_gal=[.8,3.3]R_gal. The estimate excludes the lower bound. For the upper bound the one has L_gal ∼ 3.3 × R_gal.

   The thickness of the Milky Way is about 2× 10³ ly which suggests that the portion of long string making galaxy is soaked up to the galactic plane..

2. The supermassive blackhole in the galactic center is estimated to have mass M(BH)=4× 10⁶× M(Sun). By scaling this would correspond to a straight cosmic string portion with length L_BH∼ .1 ly. The size of the galactic blackhole (see this) is R_S,BH∼ 4.4× 10^-5 ly giving R_S,BH/L_gal∼ 4.4× 10^-4. One has T_max∼ 10^-6/G and blackhole corresponds effectively to a string with tension T_G∼ 1/2G and length R_S,BH so that the ratio would be R_S,BH/L_gal ∼ 2G/T_max∼ 2× 10^-6. The straight string with length L_BH would have been compressed to a volume of Schwartchild radius R_B,S∼ 2^-11L_BH.
3. Could the spiral structure of spiral galaxies involving several spiral correspond to a rotating cosmic string thickened to a flux tube? The original model for the spiral structure as a cosmic string at rest in in Robertson-Walker coordinates and seemingly rotating in linear Minkowski coordinates failed since it predicted too weak spiralling. The observed spiral structure could however corresponds to a thickened dark flux tube with lower string tension and longer length.

   If so the length of the original spiral should be about L_gal=3.3× R_gal. Perhaps the primordial configuration of the dark flux tube could be modelled as a cosmic string solution at rest in Robertson-Walker coordinates, which then thickened and gained length becoming more spiral.

4. For elliptic galaxies (see this) the sizes vary in the range [3× 10³, 7× 10⁵] ly (roughly 2 orders of magnitude) and masses in the range [10⁵,10¹³] ly (8 orders of magnitude!) so that linear relationship between size and mass is excluded. The length L(gal) of the original straight string would be in the range [10^-8,7.4× 10⁵] ly giving L_gal∈ [.3× 10^-6,1.0]× R_gal. Thus elliptical cannot correspond to cosmic strings. At the upper limit elliptic galaxy could correspond to straight cosmic string and the visible matter would not come from the decay of the cosmic string. This estimate conforms with the earlier proposal that only spiral galaxies correspond to cosmic strings.