The recent view of Pollack battery allows to understand the claims of Donut Lab at quantitative level!

The model for the Pollack battery developed through many twists and turns and several breakthroughs in the understanding of the physical interpretation of TGD were required (see this). The recent view of the charging of the Pollack battery would be as follows.

So, let us take the claims of Donut Lab (see this) seriously and look for what follows.

1. The number N_p of Pollack protons can be estimated from the transferred charge of Q=10⁵ Coulombs as N_p=Q/e. The claimed value for the stored energy E= 400 Wh. That would be equivalent to a proton energy E_p=E/N_p= 13.8 eV. For a Pollack battery this energy would be the energy gained by the Pollack electron when accelerated at the monopole flux tube in a voltage =13.8 V without dissipation. In a normal battery, the energy is dissipated quite thoroughly in Ohmic conduction.

   The energy transferred by the Pollack effect would be smaller by a factor of 1/8 if the voltage is assumed to be 1.5 Volts. 8 of these four-layer units would be needed.

2. Then comes  an important observation without, which I would never have arrived at the recent model, which could be called a full quantum version of the Pollack battery.  The claimed 13.8 eV per Pollack electron  corresponds to the binding energy  13.7 eV of a hydrogen atom! Is this a mere coincidence?   Could it be that it is hydrogen atoms,  rather than protons,  which are transferred to the magnetic body to dark,to form Rydberg-atom like    states  with avery small binding energy so that the transferred energy per transferred proton would  very close to the hydrogen atom binding energy of  13.7 eV per Pollack  proton! This is exactly what  follows by taking the claims of  Donut  Lab seriously. The phase transition generating a dielectric would store the electrostatic energy during the charging.   The charge separation in the  Pollack effect would be between ordinary matter and the dark  matter  at the magnetic body  rather than between electrodes. However, the wave functions for the proton and electron of the  dark Rydberg-like hydrogen atom tend to localize near opposite electrodes.  
3. There was also the problem of whether the accelerated Pollack protons give too much momentum to the target electrode. Would that explain the reported swelling, which was in the order of 4 per cent? It turned out that for the classical variant of the model a simple estimate gives a completely negligible force, which is as much as ten orders of magnitude smaller than the estimate of the swelling force given by Google LLM, which is of order 10⁵ N.

   The situations simply cannot be compared. In a standard battery, the currents are ohmic and produce swelling and also heating through dissipation. For a Pollack battery, electrons travel in flux tubes and would transfer impulse and energy directly to the target electrode.

1. While building a model for the Allais effect (see this), I realized that the universal solutions of field equations that I found 47 years ago come to the rescue. They correspond to "warped" embedding of Minkowski space as a surface of H=M⁴× CP₂, come to rescue.

   They do not involve gravitational or gauge fields, but they are warped, which means that they are tilted to the direction of M⁴× S¹ ⊂ H. The angular coordinate of S¹ is given by Φ = ω t implying that the time component g_tt of the induced metric decreases from 1 to 1-R²ω². The speed of light reduces to c_#= (1-R²ω²)^1/2 <c.

2. The warped space-time surfaces are quantum critical against the change of c_#. A vibrating thin metal plate serves as a good analogy. The metal plate corresponds now to the M² ⊂ M⁴. Warping generalizes to Hamilton-Jacobi structure (see this) so that the notion applies also to non-vacuum extremals. The quantum criticality would be a geometric correlate for that of quantum phase transitions.

   This has several applications:

   1. c_#/c corresponds in a natural way to the velocity parameter β₀ of the gravitational Planck constant GMm/β₀, whose identification has been a long standing mystery. This can be applied to the Allais effect (see this), which General Relativity cannot explain.
   2. The speed of light also decreases for insulators. Refractive index is given by n= c_#/c. Dielectric constant is given by ε_r= 1/n² = (c_#/c)². The transition c→ c_# would occur when the system becomes an insulator. Could the atoms of the insulator be on a different space-time sheet, characterized by c_#<c? Water would be the most important example of this.
   See the chapter Are Pollack batteries possible? or the article with the same title.